Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）

Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）

Kubernetes（简称为：k8s）是Google在2014年6月开源的一个容器集群管理系统，使用Go语言开发，用于管理云平台中多个主机上的容器化的应用，Kubernetes的目标是让部署容器化的应用简单并且高效,Kubernetes提供了资源调度、部署管理、服务发现、扩容缩容、监控，维护等一整套功能，努力成为跨主机集群的自动部署、扩展以及运行应用程序容器的平台。 它支持一系列容器工具, 包括Docker、Containerd等。

一、集群环境准备

1.1 主机规划

主机IP地址 主机名 主机配置 主机角色 软件列表
192.168.10.12 k8s-master1 2C4G master kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy、Containerd、runc
192.168.10.13 k8s-master2 2C4G master kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy、Containerd、runc
192.168.10.14 k8s-master3 2C4G master kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy、Containerd、runc
192.168.10.15 k8s-worker1 2C4G worker kubelet、kube-proxy、Containerd、runc
192.168.10.10 ha1 1C2G LB haproxy、keepalived
192.168.10.11 ha2 1C2G LB haproxy、keepalived
192.168.10.100 / / VIP(虚拟IP)

1.2 软件版本

软件名称 版本 备注
CentOS7 kernel版本：5.17
kubernetes v1.21.10
etcd v3.5.2 最新版本
calico v3.19.4
coredns v1.8.4
containerd 1.6.1
runc 1.1.0
haproxy 5.18 YUM源默认
keepalived 3.5 YUM源默认

1.3 网络分配

网络名称 网段 备注
Node网络 192.168.10.0/24
Service网络 10.96.0.0/16
Pod网络 10.244.0.0/16

二、集群部署

2.1主机准备

2.1.1 主机名设置

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hostnamectl set-hostname xxx
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关于主机名参见1.1小节主机规划表

2.1.2 主机与IP地址解析

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cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.10.10 ha1
192.168.10.11 ha2
192.168.10.12 k8s-master1
192.168.10.13 k8s-master2
192.168.10.14 k8s-master3
192.168.10.15 k8s-worker1
EOF

2.1.3 主机安全设置

2.1.3.1 关闭防火墙

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systemctl stop firewalld
systmctl disable firewalld
firewall-cmd --state

2.1.3.2 关闭selinux

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setenforce 0
sed -ri 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
sestatus

2.1.4 交换分区设置

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swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
echo "vm.swappiness=0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

2.1.5 主机系统时间同步

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安装软件
yum -y install ntpdate

制定时间同步计划任务
crontab -e
0 */1 * * * ntpdate time1.aliyun.com

2.1.6 主机系统优化

limit优化

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ulimit -SHn 65535
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cat <<EOF >> /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF

2.1.7 ipvs管理工具安装及模块加载

为集群节点安装，负载均衡节点不用安装

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yum -y install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp
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所有节点配置ipvs模块，在内核4.19+版本nf_conntrack_ipv4已经改为nf_conntrack， 4.18以下使用nf_conntrack_ipv4即可： 
 
modprobe -- ip_vs 
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr 
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr 
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh 
modprobe -- nf_conntrack 
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创建 /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf 并加入以下内容： 
cat >/etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <<EOF 
ip_vs 
ip_vs_lc 
ip_vs_wlc 
ip_vs_rr 
ip_vs_wrr 
ip_vs_lblc 
ip_vs_lblcr 
ip_vs_dh 
ip_vs_sh 
ip_vs_fo 
ip_vs_nq 
ip_vs_sed 
ip_vs_ftp 
ip_vs_sh 
nf_conntrack 
ip_tables 
ip_set 
xt_set 
ipt_set 
ipt_rpfilter 
ipt_REJECT 
ipip 
EOF

2.1.8 加载containerd相关内核模块

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临时加载模块

modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter
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永久性加载模块

cat > /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf << EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
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设置为开机启动
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

2.1.9 Linux内核升级

在所有节点中安装,需要重新操作系统更换内核。

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[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install perl
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[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
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[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

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[root@localhost ~]# yum  --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel"  -y install kernel-ml.x86_64
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[root@localhost ~]# grub2-set-default 0
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[root@localhost ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

2.1.10 Linux内核优化

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cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 131072
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF
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sysctl --system
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所有节点配置完内核后，重启服务器，保证重启后内核依旧加载
reboot -h now
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重启后查看ipvs模块加载情况：
lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
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重启后查看containerd相关模块加载情况：
lsmod | egrep 'br_netfilter | overlay'

2.1.11 其它工具安装(选装)

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yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git lrzsz -y

2.2 负载均衡器准备

2.2.1 安装haproxy与keepalived

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yum -y install haproxy keepalived

2.2.2 HAProxy配置

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cat >/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg<<"EOF"
global
 maxconn 2000
 ulimit-n 16384
 log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
 stats timeout 30s

defaults
 log global
 mode http
 option httplog
 timeout connect 5000
 timeout client 50000
 timeout server 50000
 timeout http-request 15s
 timeout http-keep-alive 15s

frontend monitor-in
 bind *:33305
 mode http
 option httplog
 monitor-uri /monitor

frontend k8s-master
 bind 0.0.0.0:6443
 bind 127.0.0.1:6443
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
 default_backend k8s-master

backend k8s-master
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 option tcp-check
 balance roundrobin
 default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
 server  k8s-master1  192.168.10.12:6443 check
 server  k8s-master2  192.168.10.13:6443 check
 server  k8s-master3  192.168.10.14:6443 check
EOF

2.2.3 KeepAlived

主从配置不一致，需要注意。

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ha1:

cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<"EOF"
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
   enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
   interval 5
   weight -5
   fall 2 
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state MASTER
   interface ens33
   mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.10
   virtual_router_id 51
   priority 100
   advert_int 2
   authentication {
       auth_type PASS
       auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.10.100
   }
   track_script {
      chk_apiserver
   }
}
EOF
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ha2:

cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<"EOF"
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
   enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
  interval 5
   weight -5
   fall 2 
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state BACKUP
   interface ens33
   mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.11
   virtual_router_id 51
   priority 99
   advert_int 2
   authentication {
       auth_type PASS
       auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.10.100
   }
   track_script {
      chk_apiserver
   }
}
EOF

2.2.4 健康检查脚本

ha1及ha2均要配置

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cat > /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh <<"EOF"
#!/bin/bash
err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
   check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
   if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
       err=$(expr $err + 1)
       sleep 1
       continue
   else
       err=0
       break
   fi
done

if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
   echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
   /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
   exit 1
else
   exit 0
fi
EOF
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chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh

2.2.5 启动服务并验证

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systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now haproxy
systemctl enable --now keepalived
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ip address show

2.3 配置免密登录

在k8s-master1上操作

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ssh-keygen
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ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master1
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master2
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master3
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-worker1
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ssh root@k8s-master1

2.4 部署ETCD集群

在k8s-master1上操作。

2.4.1 创建工作目录

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mkdir -p /data/k8s-work

2.4.2 获取cfssl工具

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cd /data/k8s-work
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
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说明：
cfssl是使用go编写，由CloudFlare开源的一款PKI/TLS工具。主要程序有：

- cfssl，是CFSSL的命令行工具
- cfssljson用来从cfssl程序获取JSON输出，并将证书，密钥，CSR和bundle写入文件中。
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chmod +x cfssl*
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mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
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# cfssl version
Version: 1.2.0
Revision: dev
Runtime: go1.6

2.4.3 创建CA证书

2.4.3.1 配置ca证书请求文件

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cat > ca-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
      "algo": "rsa",
      "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
  }
}
EOF

2.4.3.2 创建ca证书

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cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca

2.4.3.3 配置ca证书策略

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cfssl print-defaults config > ca-config.json
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cat > ca-config.json <<"EOF"
{
  "signing": {
      "default": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
        },
      "profiles": {
          "kubernetes": {
              "usages": [
                  "signing",
                  "key encipherment",
                  "server auth",
                  "client auth"
              ],
              "expiry": "87600h"
          }
      }
  }
}
EOF
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server auth 表示client可以对使用该ca对server提供的证书进行验证

client auth 表示server可以使用该ca对client提供的证书进行验证

2.4.4 创建etcd证书

2.4.4.1 配置etcd请求文件

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cat > etcd-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "CN": "etcd",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.10.12",
    "192.168.10.13",
    "192.168.10.14"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [{
    "C": "CN",
    "ST": "Beijing",
    "L": "Beijing",
    "O": "kubemsb",
    "OU": "CN"
  }]
}
EOF

2.4.4.2 生成etcd证书

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cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson  -bare etcd
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# ls
输出
ca-config.json  ca.csr  ca-csr.json  ca-key.pem  ca.pem  etcd.csr  etcd-csr.json  etcd-key.pem  etcd.pem

2.4.5 部署etcd集群

2.4.5.1 下载etcd软件包

![image-20220319090935574](Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）.assets/image-20220319090935574.png)

![image-20220319091008943](Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）.assets/image-20220319091008943.png)

![image-20220319091037753](Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）.assets/image-20220319091037753.png)

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wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.2/etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.4.5.2 安装etcd软件

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tar -xvf etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp -p etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/

2.4.5.3 分发etcd软件

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scp etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* k8s-master2:/usr/local/bin/

scp etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* k8s-master3:/usr/local/bin/

2.4.5.4 创建配置文件

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mkdir /etc/etcd
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cat >  /etc/etcd/etcd.conf <<"EOF"
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.12:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.12:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.12:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.12:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.10.12:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.10.13:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.10.14:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
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说明：
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

2.4.5.5 创建服务配置文件

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mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
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cd /data/k8s-work
cp ca*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl
cp etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl
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cat > /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \
  --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --peer-client-cert-auth \
  --client-cert-auth
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.4.5.6 同步etcd配置到集群其它master节点

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创建目录
mkdir -p /etc/etcd
mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
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服务配置文件,需要修改etcd节点名称及IP地址
for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 \
do \
scp /etc/etcd/etcd.conf $i:/etc/etcd/ \
done
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k8s-master2:

cat /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.13:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.13:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.13:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.13:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.10.12:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.10.13:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.10.14:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
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k8s-master3:

cat /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.14:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.14:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.14:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.14:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.10.12:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.10.13:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.10.14:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
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证书文件
for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 \
do \
scp /etc/etcd/ssl/* $i:/etc/etcd/ssl \
done
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服务启动配置文件
for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 \
do \
scp /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service $i:/etc/systemd/system/ \
done

2.4.5.7 启动etcd集群

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systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now etcd.service
systemctl status etcd

2.4.5.8 验证集群状态

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ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.10.12:2379,https://192.168.10.13:2379,https://192.168.10.14:2379 endpoint health
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+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
|          ENDPOINT          | HEALTH |    TOOK     | ERROR |
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://192.168.10.14:2379 |   true | 10.393062ms |       |
| https://192.168.10.12:2379 |   true |  15.70437ms |       |
| https://192.168.10.13:2379 |   true | 15.871684ms |       |
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
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检查ETCD数据库性能
ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.10.12:2379,https://192.168.10.13:2379,https://192.168.10.14:2379 check perf
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59 / 60 Boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooom  !  98.33%
PASS: Throughput is 151 writes/s
PASS: Slowest request took 0.066478s
PASS: Stddev is 0.002354s
PASS
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ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.10.12:2379,https://192.168.10.13:2379,https://192.168.10.14:2379 member list
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+------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
|        ID        | STATUS  | NAME  |         PEER ADDRS         |        CLIENT ADDRS        | IS LEARNER |
+------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| 9b449b0ff1d4c375 | started | etcd1 | https://192.168.10.12:2380 | https://192.168.10.12:2379 |      false |
| d1fbb74bc6a61e5c | started | etcd2 | https://192.168.10.13:2380 | https://192.168.10.13:2379 |      false |
| f60b205fb02fe23c | started | etcd3 | https://192.168.10.14:2380 | https://192.168.10.14:2379 |      false |
+------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
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ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.10.12:2379,https://192.168.10.13:2379,https://192.168.10.14:2379 endpoint status
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+----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
|          ENDPOINT          |        ID        | VERSION | DB SIZE | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS |
+----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
| https://192.168.10.12:2379 | 9b449b0ff1d4c375 |   3.5.2 |   24 MB |      true |      false |         2 |     403774 |             403774 |        |
| https://192.168.10.13:2379 | d1fbb74bc6a61e5c |   3.5.2 |   24 MB |     false |      false |         2 |     403774 |             403774 |        |
| https://192.168.10.14:2379 | f60b205fb02fe23c |   3.5.2 |   24 MB |     false |      false |         2 |     403774 |             403774 |        |
+----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+

2.5 Kubernetes集群部署

2.5.1 Kubernetes软件包下载

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wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.21.10/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.5.2 Kubernetes软件包安装

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tar -xvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

cd kubernetes/server/bin/

cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/

2.5.3 Kubernetes软件分发

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scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl k8s-master2:/usr/local/bin/
scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl k8s-master3:/usr/local/bin/
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scp kubelet kube-proxy k8s-master1:/usr/local/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy k8s-master2:/usr/local/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy k8s-master3:/usr/local/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy k8s-worker1:/usr/local/bin

2.5.4 在集群节点上创建目录

所有节点

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mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/        
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl     
mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes

2.5.5 部署api-server

2.5.5.1 创建apiserver证书请求文件

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cat > kube-apiserver-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.10.12",
    "192.168.10.13",
    "192.168.10.14",
    "192.168.10.15",
    "192.168.10.16",
    "192.168.10.17",
    "192.168.10.18",
    "192.168.10.19",
    "192.168.10.20",
    "192.168.10.100",
    "10.96.0.1",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
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说明：
如果 hosts 字段不为空则需要指定授权使用该证书的 IP（含VIP） 或域名列表。由于该证书被 集群使用，需要将节点的IP都填上，为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
同时还需要填写 service 网络的首个IP(一般是 kube-apiserver 指定的 service-cluster-ip-range 网段的第一个IP，如 10.96.0.1)。

2.5.5.2 生成apiserver证书及token文件

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cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver
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cat > token.csv << EOF
$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
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说明：
创建TLS机制所需TOKEN
TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy与kube-apiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。

2.5.5.3 创建apiserver服务配置文件

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cat > /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --bind-address=192.168.10.12 \
  --secure-port=6443 \
  --advertise-address=192.168.10.12 \
  --insecure-port=0 \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
  --service-account-issuer=api \
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.10.12:2379,https://192.168.10.13:2379,https://192.168.10.14:2379 \
  --enable-swagger-ui=true \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=4"
EOF

2.5.5.4 创建apiserver服务管理配置文件

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cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.5.5.5 同步文件到集群master节点

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cp ca*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
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cp kube-apiserver*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
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cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
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scp /etc/kubernetes/token.csv k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes
scp /etc/kubernetes/token.csv k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes
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scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver*.pem k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver*.pem k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
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scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca*.pem k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca*.pem k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
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scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf

# cat /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --bind-address=192.168.10.13 \
  --secure-port=6443 \
  --advertise-address=192.168.10.13 \
  --insecure-port=0 \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
  --service-account-issuer=api \
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.10.12:2379,https://192.168.10.13:2379,https://192.168.10.14:2379 \
  --enable-swagger-ui=true \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=4"
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cp /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf

# cat /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --bind-address=192.168.10.14 \
  --secure-port=6443 \
  --advertise-address=192.168.10.14 \
  --insecure-port=0 \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
  --service-account-issuer=api \
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.10.12:2379,https://192.168.10.13:2379,https://192.168.10.14:2379 \
  --enable-swagger-ui=true \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=4"
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scp /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service k8s-master2:/etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service

scp /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service k8s-master3:/etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service

2.5.5.6 启动apiserver服务

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systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver

systemctl status kube-apiserver

# 测试
curl --insecure https://192.168.10.12:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.10.13:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.10.14:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.10.100:6443/

2.5.6 部署kubectl

2.5.6.1 创建kubectl证书请求文件

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cat > admin-csr.json << "EOF"
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "system:masters",             
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
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说明：

后续 kube-apiserver 使用 RBAC 对客户端(如 kubelet、kube-proxy、Pod)请求进行授权；
kube-apiserver 预定义了一些 RBAC 使用的 RoleBindings，如 cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定，该 Role 授予了调用kube-apiserver 的所有 API的权限；
O指定该证书的 Group 为 system:masters，kubelet 使用该证书访问 kube-apiserver 时 ，由于证书被 CA 签名，所以认证通过，同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的 system:masters，所以被授予访问所有 API 的权限；
注：
这个admin 证书，是将来生成管理员用的kubeconfig 配置文件用的，现在我们一般建议使用RBAC 来对kubernetes 进行角色权限控制， kubernetes 将证书中的CN 字段 作为User， O 字段作为 Group；
"O": "system:masters", 必须是system:masters，否则后面kubectl create clusterrolebinding报错。

2.5.6.2 生成证书文件

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cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

2.5.6.3 复制文件到指定目录

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cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/

2.5.6.4 生成kubeconfig配置文件

kube.config 为 kubectl 的配置文件，包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息，如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书

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kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube.config

kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=admin.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube.config

kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=kube.config

kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config

2.5.6.5 准备kubectl配置文件并进行角色绑定

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mkdir ~/.kube
cp kube.config ~/.kube/config
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/config

2.5.6.6 查看集群状态

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export KUBECONFIG=$HOME/.kube/config
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查看集群信息
kubectl cluster-info

查看集群组件状态
kubectl get componentstatuses

查看命名空间中资源对象
kubectl get all --all-namespaces

2.5.6.7 同步kubectl配置文件到集群其它master节点

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k8s-master2:
mkdir /root/.kube

k8s-master3:
mkdir /root/.kube
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scp /root/.kube/config k8s-master2:/root/.kube/config
scp /root/.kube/config k8s-master3:/root/.kube/config

2.5.6.8 配置kubectl命令补全(可选)

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yum install -y bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(kubectl completion bash)
kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc
source '/root/.kube/completion.bash.inc'  
source $HOME/.bash_profile

2.5.7 部署kube-controller-manager

2.5.7.1 创建kube-controller-manager证书请求文件

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cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << "EOF"
{
    "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.10.12",
      "192.168.10.13",
      "192.168.10.14"
    ],
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Beijing",
        "L": "Beijing",
        "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}
EOF
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说明：

hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP；
CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager;
O 为 system:kube-controller-manager，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限

2.5.7.2 创建kube-controller-manager证书文件

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cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
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# ls

kube-controller-manager.csr     
kube-controller-manager-csr.json
kube-controller-manager-key.pem
kube-controller-manager.pem

2.5.7.3 创建kube-controller-manager的kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

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kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

2.5.7.4 创建kube-controller-manager配置文件

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cat > kube-controller-manager.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--port=10252 \
  --secure-port=10257 \
  --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --cluster-name=kubernetes \
  --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
  --cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
  --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h \
  --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --leader-elect=true \
  --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
  --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
  --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \
  --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --use-service-account-credentials=true \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=2"
EOF

2.5.7.5 创建服务启动文件

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cat > kube-controller-manager.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.5.7.6 同步文件到集群master节点

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cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
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scp  kube-controller-manager*.pem k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-controller-manager*.pem k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-controller-manager.service k8s-master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp  kube-controller-manager.service k8s-master3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
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#查看证书
openssl x509 -in /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem -noout -text

2.5.7.7 启动服务

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systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
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kubectl get componentstatuses

2.5.8 部署kube-scheduler

2.5.8.1 创建kube-scheduler证书请求文件

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cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << "EOF"
{
    "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.10.12",
      "192.168.10.13",
      "192.168.10.14"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Beijing",
        "L": "Beijing",
        "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}
EOF

2.5.8.2 生成kube-scheduler证书

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cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
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# ls
kube-scheduler.csr
kube-scheduler-csr.json
kube-scheduler-key.pem
kube-scheduler.pem

2.5.8.3 创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig

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kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

2.5.8.4 创建服务配置文件

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cat > kube-scheduler.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--address=127.0.0.1 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
--leader-elect=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2"
EOF

2.5.8.5创建服务启动配置文件

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cat > kube-scheduler.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.5.8.6 同步文件至集群master节点

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cp kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
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scp  kube-scheduler*.pem k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-scheduler*.pem k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf k8s-master2:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf k8s-master3:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-scheduler.service k8s-master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp  kube-scheduler.service k8s-master3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

2.5.8.7 启动服务

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systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler

2.5.9 工作节点（worker node）部署

2.5.9.1 Containerd安装及配置

2.5.9.1.1 获取软件包

![image-20220321233643232](Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）.assets/image-20220321233643232.png)

![image-20220321233718744](Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）.assets/image-20220321233718744.png)

![image-20220321233751488](Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）.assets/image-20220321233751488.png)

![image-20220321233903747](Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）.assets/image-20220321233903747.png)

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wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.6.1/cri-containerd-cni-1.6.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
2.5.9.1.2 安装containerd
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tar -xf cri-containerd-cni-1.6.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /
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默认解压后会有如下目录：
etc
opt
usr
会把对应的目解压到/下对应目录中，这样就省去复制文件步骤。
2.5.9.1.3 生成配置文件并修改
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mkdir /etc/containerd
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containerd config default >/etc/containerd/config.toml
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# ls /etc/containerd/
config.toml
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下面的配置文件中已修改，可不执行，仅修改默认时执行。
sed -i 's@systemd_cgroup = false@systemd_cgroup = true@' /etc/containerd/config.toml
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下面的配置文件中已修改，可不执行，仅修改默认时执行。
sed -i '[email protected]/pause:[email protected]/google_containers/pause:3.6@' /etc/containerd/config.toml
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# cat >/etc/containerd/config.toml<<EOF
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
oom_score = -999

[grpc]
  address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
  uid = 0
  gid = 0
  max_recv_message_size = 16777216
  max_send_message_size = 16777216

[debug]
  address = ""
  uid = 0
  gid = 0
  level = ""

[metrics]
  address = ""
  grpc_histogram = false

[cgroup]
  path = ""

[plugins]
  [plugins.cgroups]
    no_prometheus = false
  [plugins.cri]
    stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
    stream_server_port = "0"
    enable_selinux = false
    sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"
    stats_collect_period = 10
    systemd_cgroup = true
    enable_tls_streaming = false
    max_container_log_line_size = 16384
    [plugins.cri.containerd]
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"
      no_pivot = false
      [plugins.cri.containerd.default_runtime]
        runtime_type = "io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_root = ""
      [plugins.cri.containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
        runtime_type = ""
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_root = ""
    [plugins.cri.cni]
      bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
      conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
      conf_template = "/etc/cni/net.d/10-default.conf"
    [plugins.cri.registry]
      [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors]
        [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
          endpoint = [
            "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
            "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
          ]
        [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."gcr.io"]
          endpoint = [
            "https://gcr.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
          ]
        [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."k8s.gcr.io"]
          endpoint = [
            "https://gcr.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/google-containers/"
          ]
        [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."quay.io"]
          endpoint = [
            "https://quay.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
          ]
        [plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."harbor.kubemsb.com"]
          endpoint = [
            "http://harbor.kubemsb.com"
          ]
    [plugins.cri.x509_key_pair_streaming]
      tls_cert_file = ""
      tls_key_file = ""
  [plugins.diff-service]
    default = ["walking"]
  [plugins.linux]
    shim = "containerd-shim"
    runtime = "runc"
    runtime_root = ""
    no_shim = false
    shim_debug = false
  [plugins.opt]
    path = "/opt/containerd"
  [plugins.restart]
    interval = "10s"
  [plugins.scheduler]
    pause_threshold = 0.02
    deletion_threshold = 0
    mutation_threshold = 100
    schedule_delay = "0s"
    startup_delay = "100ms"
EOF
2.5.9.1.4 安装runc

由于上述软件包中包含的runc对系统依赖过多，所以建议单独下载安装。

默认runc执行时提示：runc: symbol lookup error: runc: undefined symbol: seccomp_notify_respond

![image-20220322003721996](Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）.assets/image-20220322003721996.png)

![image-20220322003759560](Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）.assets/image-20220322003759560.png)

![image-20220322003823362](Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）.assets/image-20220322003823362.png)

![image-20220322003942106](Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）.assets/image-20220322003942106.png)

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wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.0/runc.amd64
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chmod +x runc.amd64
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替换掉原软件包中的runc

mv runc.amd64 /usr/local/sbin/runc
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# runc -v
runc version 1.1.0
commit: v1.1.0-0-g067aaf85
spec: 1.0.2-dev
go: go1.17.6
libseccomp: 2.5.3
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systemctl enable containerd
systemctl start containerd

2.5.9.2 部署kubelet

在k8s-master1上操作

2.5.9.2.1 创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
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BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /etc/kubernetes/token.csv)

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
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kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=kubelet-bootstrap

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
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kubectl describe clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous

kubectl describe clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap
2.5.9.2.2 创建kubelet配置文件
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cat > kubelet.json << "EOF"
{
  "kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
  "apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "authentication": {
    "x509": {
      "clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
    },
    "webhook": {
      "enabled": true,
      "cacheTTL": "2m0s"
    },
    "anonymous": {
      "enabled": false
    }
  },
  "authorization": {
    "mode": "Webhook",
    "webhook": {
      "cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
      "cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
    }
  },
  "address": "192.168.10.12",
  "port": 10250,
  "readOnlyPort": 10255,
  "cgroupDriver": "systemd",                    
  "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
  "serializeImagePulls": false,
  "clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
  "clusterDNS": ["10.96.0.2"]
}
EOF
2.5.9.2.3 创建kubelet服务启动管理文件
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cat > kubelet.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \
  --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
  --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json \
  --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin \
  --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \
  --container-runtime=remote \
  --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock \
  --network-plugin=cni \
  --rotate-certificates \
  --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 \
  --root-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
2.5.9.2.4 同步文件到集群节点
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cp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kubelet.json /etc/kubernetes/
cp kubelet.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
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for i in  k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-worker1;do scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.json $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done

for i in  k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-worker1;do scp ca.pem $i:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/;done

for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-worker1;do scp kubelet.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done
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说明：
kubelet.json中address需要修改为当前主机IP地址。
2.5.9.2.5 创建目录及启动服务
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mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet
mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes
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systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet

systemctl status kubelet
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# kubectl get nodes
NAME          STATUS     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
k8s-master1   NotReady   <none>   2m55s   v1.21.10
k8s-master2   NotReady   <none>   45s     v1.21.10
k8s-master3   NotReady   <none>   39s     v1.21.10
k8s-worker1   NotReady   <none>   5m1s    v1.21.10
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# kubectl get csr
NAME        AGE     SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
csr-b949p   7m55s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
csr-c9hs4   3m34s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
csr-r8vhp   5m50s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
csr-zb4sr   3m40s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
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说明：
确认kubelet服务启动成功后，接着到master上Approve一下bootstrap请求。

2.5.9.3 部署kube-proxy

2.5.9.3.1 创建kube-proxy证书请求文件
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cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << "EOF"
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
2.5.9.3.2 生成证书
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cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
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# ls kube-proxy*
kube-proxy.csr  kube-proxy-csr.json  kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem
2.5.9.3.3 创建kubeconfig文件
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kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
2.5.9.3.4 创建服务配置文件
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cat > kube-proxy.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 192.168.10.12
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
healthzBindAddress: 192.168.10.12:10256
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 192.168.10.12:10249
mode: "ipvs"
EOF
2.5.9.3.5 创建服务启动管理文件
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cat >  kube-proxy.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
2.5.9.3.6 同步文件到集群工作节点主机
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cp kube-proxy*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-proxy.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
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for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-worker1;do scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done
for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 k8s-worker1;do scp  kube-proxy.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done
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说明：
修改kube-proxy.yaml中IP地址为当前主机IP.
2.5.9.3.7 服务启动
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mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy
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systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-proxy

systemctl status kube-proxy

2.5.10 网络组件部署 Calico

2.5.10.1 下载

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2.5.10.2 修改文件

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3683             - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
3684               value: "10.244.0.0/16"

2.5.10.3 应用文件

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kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

2.5.10.4 验证应用结果

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# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-tf2m5   1/1     Running   0          72s
kube-system   calico-node-llw5w                          1/1     Running   0          72s
kube-system   calico-node-mhh6g                          1/1     Running   0          72s
kube-system   calico-node-twj99                          1/1     Running   0          72s
kube-system   calico-node-zh6xl                          1/1     Running   0          72s
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# kubectl get nodes
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master1   Ready    <none>   55m   v1.21.10
k8s-master2   Ready    <none>   53m   v1.21.10
k8s-master3   Ready    <none>   53m   v1.21.10
k8s-worker1   Ready    <none>   57m   v1.21.10

2.5.10 部署CoreDNS

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cat >  coredns.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - ""
    resources:
    - endpoints
    - services
    - pods
    - namespaces
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
  - apiGroups:
    - discovery.k8s.io
    resources:
    - endpointslices
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health {
          lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local  in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
          fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
          max_concurrent 1000
        }
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. Default is 1.
  # 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      affinity:
         podAntiAffinity:
           preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
           - weight: 100
             podAffinityTerm:
               labelSelector:
                 matchExpressions:
                   - key: k8s-app
                     operator: In
                     values: ["kube-dns"]
               topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: coredns/coredns:1.8.4
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8181
            scheme: HTTP
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.96.0.2
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP
 
EOF
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kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
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# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-tf2m5   1/1     Running   0          4m7s
kube-system   calico-node-llw5w                          1/1     Running   0          4m7s
kube-system   calico-node-mhh6g                          1/1     Running   0          4m7s
kube-system   calico-node-twj99                          1/1     Running   0          4m7s
kube-system   calico-node-zh6xl                          1/1     Running   0          4m7s
kube-system   coredns-675db8b7cc-ncnf6                   1/1     Running   0          26s

2.5.11 部署应用验证

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cat >  nginx.yaml  << "EOF"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx-web
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    name: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx:1.19.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service-nodeport
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      nodePort: 30001
      protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    name: nginx
EOF
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kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml
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# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-web-qzvw4   1/1     Running   0          58s   10.244.194.65   k8s-worker1   <none>           <none>
nginx-web-spw5t   1/1     Running   0          58s   10.244.224.1    k8s-master2   <none>           <none>
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# kubectl get all
NAME                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-web-qzvw4   1/1     Running   0          2m2s
pod/nginx-web-spw5t   1/1     Running   0          2m2s

NAME                                     DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicationcontroller/nginx-web   2         2         2       2m2s

NAME                             TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
service/kubernetes               ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP        3h37m
service/nginx-service-nodeport   NodePort    10.96.165.114   <none>        80:30001/TCP   2m2s
云原生
#k8s
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）
https://blog.t-ao.cn/2025/05/14/Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Containerd）/
作者
TAO
发布于
2025年5月14日
许可协议